Cyber-physical systems were introduced with the introduction of the cyber sector into physical systems and the emergence of Industry 4. 0. Although the main purpose of this combination has been to increase the efficiency, stability and manageability of physical systems, but this combination and integration has created very serious threats to physical systems. Successful attacks on these systems may lead to disruption or physical damage such as damage to equipment, products or even damage to humans. Therefore, the security of cyber-physical systems has become one of the important research topics. In this article, a method for quantitative assessment of security risk in cyber-physical systems is presented. This method divides the important and vital components affecting the security risks of cyber-physical systems into two categories: attacker profile and system profile, and quantitatively estimates the risk based on the index components of these two profile categories. These components include attack possibility, attack detection, attacker's knowledge of the target system, time to failure, system cost, system recovery and repair cost, and vulnerability rate. Finally, in order to demonstrate the applicability, the proposed method has been applied to a cyber-physical system and the security risk has been evaluated.

In this paper, a new method for enhancing the physical layer security of an extended Alamouti space-time coding systems is presented. In this method, the transmitted signals from each antenna are designed in such way to be related to the corresponding channel of the intended receiver, assuming that the transmitter has the knowledge of that channel. Furthermore, the transmitter uses artificial noise and more than two antennas to obtain an additional security. Theoretical mathematical formulas are derived for one-branch, two-branch, and artificial noise aided multi-branch scenarios. Simulation results show the ability of proposed method in enhancing physical layer security compared with other existing methods.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

The present study aimed at investigating the physicalsecurity dimensions affecting the security of volleyball stadiums inIran. The study employed a descriptive-exploratory researchmethod conducted on 115 managers and officials in volleyballstadiums, presidents and experts of Provincial Volleyball Boards aswell as experts in the field of sports facilities and events as well assports violence and aggression. They answered a 20-itme PhysicalSecurity Assessment Questionnaire extracted from the adjusted Stadium Security Questionnaire (Faraji, 2014). The collected datawere analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The research findings indicated that physical security is one of themain factors affecting the security of volleyball stadiums in Iran. Control of toxic and chemical substances (0. 91), internal control(0. 90), peripheral environment control (0. 70) and court entrancecontrol (0. 59) were considered as the most important factors ofphysical security on the security of volleyball stadiums (P <0. 05). It seems that the strict implementation of the security inspectionprotocol for spectators, the adoption of appropriate securitymeasures in the external environment of volleyball stadiums, thereform of the ticket sales system, and the use of new methods fordistributing and selling tickets to control the court entrances canprevent spectators’ violent behaviors and increase their satisfaction. As a result, the security of volleyball stadiums can be fulfilled.

This purpose of this study is to identify and measure the influences of the factors which expose organization's information systems to the threat of theft and loss or distortion of information. In order to determine the influrntial factors in information security, previous studies along with the world's common methodologies were reviewed and the most practical ones that are more compatible with Iranian organizations were chosen to define the theoretical framework of the study. Three main variables validity of which was assessed through questionnaire are human resource security, physical security, and information security. The findings show that the users' unawareness is the first threat for information security of computerized systems. Physical security and information security are in the next place.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Introduction: System security includes a set of security protections related to software, hardware, personnel and enterprise policies that protect Information Systems (IS) against internal and external threats. The present study aimed to define a comprehensive security model and then, assess hospital information systems (HIS) security in three areas of administrative, physical and technical safeguards.Methods: This was a qualitative-descriptive study. The study population included 4 public educational hospitals from different regions of the country, each with a different HIS. The data collection tool was a checklist of 134 questions. In order to design a checklist, first, the security criteria were identified from the security standards. Then, HIS security requirements were determined in three areas of administrative, physical and technical safeguards through modified Delphi method. The answers to the questions of the checklist were defined as Yes “1” or No “0”. HIS security level was identified in a five-level scale ranging from very low (0%) to very high (100%). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage.Results: Administrative safeguards of HIS in studied hospitals with 31.8 % and physical safeguards with 25% had a low level of security. Moreover, technical safeguards of HIS in hospitals were observed to be a medium level of security with 42.6%.Conclusion: The findings of this study expose HIS security weaknesses thus providing a good basis for managers of health information management and information technology departments in hospitals to implement appropriate corrective actions in policy formulation, user training, access control and risk management, and other dimensions of managerial and physical standards.

The emergence of communication technology and internet has facilitated the sharing and exchanging of information between computer systems. These new technologies have created an appropriate texture for all e-services such as joinery exchange, e-banking services and e-commerce. The consideration of info-sec is as important as widespread concept of information technology and its development. So info-security of each country is one of the most demanding factor for success in e-commerce and e-marketing and thus should be provided by government. The results of a survey in USA Info-sec journal show that from 2005 the market for info-sec products and services has encountered an annual growth of 25% While the world has witnessed over one decade of info-sec research, this has remained an ignored subject in Iran. officials’ and users’ little understanding of info-sec concept has made related companies face unprecedented business failure. This paper presents information about security marketing area and the role of info-sec in digital economic ecosystem. Then the main info-sec technologies are classified and explained. In the next section some selected countries’ markets of info sec products and services are discussed and analyzed and the world’s best sellers of info-sec technologies are introduced. At the end, Iran’s situation in this area is compared with others. This paper has presented some suggestions for research area and info-sec market in Iran.